A recent study by an engineer from Kansas State University offers new observational support for a century-old theory that directly challenges the validity of the Big Bang theory. Lior Shamir, an associate professor of computer science, used images from three different telescopes and data from over 30,000 galaxies to measure the redshift of galaxies in relation to their distance from Earth.
Redshift is the change in the frequency of light waves, which astronomers use to measure the speed at which a galaxy is moving away from Earth. Shamir’s findings lend support to the Tired Light Theory, which contrasts with the widely accepted Big Bang theory.
In the 1920s, astronomers Edwin Hubble and Georges Lemaître discovered that the farther away a galaxy is, the faster it appears to be moving away from Earth. This discovery laid the foundation for the Big Bang theory, which posits that the universe began expanding approximately 13.8 billion years ago.
Around the same time, astronomer Fritz Zwicky proposed a different explanation: that the redshift observed from distant galaxies is not due to them moving away from Earth but rather because photons of light lose energy as they travel through space. This energy loss, according to Zwicky, leads to an illusion that more distant galaxies are moving away faster than they actually are.
Einstein suggested that light could experience a loss of energy proportional to the distance it travels due to as-yet-unspecified mechanisms. This concept gave rise to what is known as the Tired Light Theory
For decades, the theory was largely dismissed as astronomers adopted the Big Bang model as the consensus explanation for the universe’s origins and expansion. However, the recent observations by the powerful James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have raised doubts about the Big Bang theory, leading some scientists to reconsider alternatives like the Tired Light Theory.
When the James Webb Space Telescope began capturing deep images of the early universe, astronomers expected to see evidence of a young and evolving universe. However, what the JWST revealed was startling: it showed large and mature galaxies where astronomers anticipated finding only young and forming ones.
If the Big Bang occurred as originally thought, these galaxies would be older than the universe itself, a contradiction that challenges the foundational assumptions of the Big Bang model.
While these new images cast doubt on the Big Bang, Shamir’s study used the constant rotational speed of Earth around the center of the Milky Way to examine the redshift of galaxies moving at different velocities relative to Earth. The goal was to test how variations in redshift respond to changes in speed.
The results showed that galaxies rotating in the opposite direction to the Milky Way have a lower redshift compared to those rotating in the same direction, Shamir explained. This difference reflects Earth’s motion as it orbits within the Milky Way.
However, the study’s findings also demonstrated that the difference in redshift increases with the distance of galaxies from Earth. Given that the Earth’s rotational speed relative to these galaxies remains constant, the reason for this difference could be the distance of the galaxies. This shows that the redshift of galaxies changes with distance, which is exactly what Zwicky predicted in his Tired Light Theory, Shamir concluded.
SOURCES
Shamir, L., An Empirical Consistent Redshift Bias: A Possible Direct Observation of Zwicky’s TL Theory. Particles 2024, 7, 703-716. doi.org/10.3390/particles7030041
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